The main ingredients of AE are triterpenoid saponins with oleanolic acid aglycon, ecdysterone, and polysaccharide ( Li et al., 2005). bidentata root extract) treatment improved bone biomechanical quality through modifications of bone mineral density and trabecular microarchitecture without a hyperplastic effect on uterine ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats ( Zhang R. Similarly, it has been shown that 16 weeks of AE ( A. bidentata could significantly prevent osteoblast damage and bone deterioration ( Jiang et al., 2014 Suh et al., 2014). Pharmacological studies have revealed that this crude drug can relieve pain, diminish inflammation, excite uterine contractions, decrease blood glucose, reduce blood fat, reinforce immunological function, delay senility, exhibit anti-oxidant capacity and confer cardio protection ( Wei et al., 2012 Zhang M. bidentata have been prescribed in the Chinese Pharmacopeia as an important herbal medicine with multiple pharmacological effects for the treatment of lumbar and knee osteodynia, muscle spasms and limb flaccidity. In China, this species is primarily distributed in the Guhuaiqingfu area of Henan Province. In addition, we identified 85 ATP-binding cassette transporters, some of which might be involved in the translocation of secondary metabolites.Īchyranthes bidentata Bl., a member of Amaranthaceae, is an erect perennial herbaceous plant widely distributed and grown in Asian countries, including China, India, Korea, and Japan. Furthermore, the key enzymes involved in the oleanolic acid and ecdysterone synthesis pathways were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, revealing that the roots expressed these enzymes to a greater extent than the leaves. Moreover, we identified a total of 260 oleanolic acid and ecdysterone genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes. A total of 31,634 (31.33%) unigenes were annotated, and 12,762 unigenes were mapped to 303 pathways according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway database. In this study, we identified 100,987 transcripts, with an average length of 1146.8 base pairs. bidentata to uncover the biosynthetic and transport mechanisms of the active components. The aim of the present study was to characterize the transcriptome profile of the roots and leaves of A. In addition, the understanding of several key pathways and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of oleanolic acid and ecdysterone, two pharmacologically active classes of metabolites and major chemical constituents of A. Although this herb has multiple pharmaceutical purposes in China, no transcriptomic information has been reported for this species. Achyranthes bidentata is a popular perennial medicine herb used for 1000s of years in China to treat various diseases.
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